Health Visitor Reflective Essay

wellness Visitor Reflective EssayI aided a core group meeting for a family with interlacing exacts. P atomic number 18nts Poppy and Richard had struggled to oercome a class A drug addiction and that thither were grave concerns about the whole virtuallybeing of the 4 children in the family home. I sit reverse Poppy across a sm either table as this was the pass purchasable seat in the room. Richard was unable to attend plainly it had a precise positive start for Poppy who discussed some of the improvements since the last official meeting. She appe atomic number 18d capacity and motivated to en sure enough things continued to improve. I was sure that an significant discourse was going to take military post about a serious possibility which had occurred inside the family and had been observed by a wellness visitor tour the family next door. The purpose of the countersign was to expect Poppy to d acceptstairsstand the risk of infections of leaving children unattended i n the car and readdress the on-going materialization of smoking around the children in check spaces. The issue was broached by the social worker and Poppy immediately convey unease. She denied having been involved until Poppy was informed it had been witnessed by a nonher health visitor. Poppy became in truth(prenominal) angry, very quickly and make reference to the c all the health visitor (her name had not been disclosed in the meeting). Her enkindle was then directed at my residential argona practice teacher and me as the health visitor/ scholarly soul in the room. Poppy maintained piercing look march with me and when I glanced onward she noticed and it escalated her anger. Amongst the shouting and swearing Poppy was asking why Health visitors unceasingly interfere with her family and she was expressing that thither was nothing wrong with what she was alleged to bring forth done. As the main put one overr of Poppys upset I tried to put fighting(a) earreach skills in to practice.Chosen Reflective Model and Rationale reflectance is described by Boud et al (1985 p43) as a generic terminus for those intellectual and affective activities in which individuals engage to explore their exists in sound out to pass to a new soul and appreciation . It is deemed a specially valuable tool within the health profession for many reasons. rumination is a tool which feces be drilld at all trains within the health c atomic number 18 setting and is arguably imperative within practice (Ralphe et al 2011). It facilitates critical thinking (Cotton 2011) and by scrutinizing experiences paids are then able to decipher the evidence within their own practice.Moreover it supports practitioners to denounce much sense of hard-fought and complex events (Driscoll and Teh 2001). The collection of enjoyledge of individuals and groups through and through the form of refelction helps people to look not only at the situation but at how to transform it l iberal to be able to reach to improve similar situations which may arise again. Thus leading to ameliorate practice (Ghaye and Lillyman 2010)Examples of reflective models include Gibbs (1988), Johns (2004) and Driscol (2000). Johns model is recommended for more(prenominal) than(prenominal) complex formula and decision making (REF). On one hand this would work well as a basis for this assignment but the model looks at the situation which has been resolved and it could be argued that it does not consider how the situation can be taken forward (Rolfe 2001). Although this could be adapted the Gibbs model of comment (Gibbs 1988) has been chosen as a guide for this assignment. Despite being a fairly straight forward model, it is favourable beca delectation it aids a white description of the scenario, analysis of discoverings, evaluation of the experience, analysis to make sense of the experience and conclusion for each point that give be reflected upon. This enables mensurable friendship on what I would do if the situation occurs again.Communicating in hard Circumstances and Relevance to Health VisitingAccording to the Department of Health (2007) one of the key elements to health visiting practice is to deliver the rose-cheeked child programme (Department of health 2009). This outlines the role of the health visitor and this includes the need for the health visitor to reduce health inequalities and protect children at risk (Department of Health 2009). The distressing discourse for Poppy was aimed to protect the children from potential harm caused by cigarette smoke and also to protect the children from the harm of being remaining unattended in a smoky car. It was commentd that smoking consequence had been suggested to Poppy but denied with such ferocity that the idea was to put things in place to protect the children from being harmed as a result of her smoking. After all as professionals we shit to remind ourselves that Poppy has a right to smok e if she chooses to. The safeguarding of the children is predominant and whence despite it being a tricky issue to address, it was an issue which was live to work with in arrangement to safeguard the children.It is important to lie with that delivering these messages set out in the healthy child programme (2009) are not always straight forward. The people at highest risk of pitiful health are often those who save a lesser understanding of the consequences of their actions on the health of themselves and their families. They are perhaps less standardisedly to bosom the information which is delivered to them and the fact that this information is often changing (Knai 2009). Good communicating is therefore crucial. Communication is defined by Porche (2004 pp266) asThe transfer of learning and the understanding of the information from one individual another. It is the answer through which individuals parting thoughts, ideas, facts, beliefs, values and traditions.The departmen t of health (2012) recently published Developing the destination of Compassionate Care, which highlights Communication as one of the 6 Cs (Care, Compassion, Competence, Communication, Courage, Commitment) need to maximise compassionate care. It be interiors that vertically parley skills contributes to better listening which results in people receiving care tone valued and therefore happier with the service they give (Department of Health 2012).Focusing on chat in exhausting situations is very relevant to Health visiting practice as there are frequent barriers which can imprint delivering the public health messages. In this boldness the barrier was Poppys resistance as a loving Mother to certify the risks which her actions may take hold on her children and the emotions this consequently provoked creating a difficult situation in which to fall not unless the public health messages but to support Poppy in de-escalation. Resistance to accept information and support from health visitors is an on-going issue (REF) so having the opportunity to critically reflect on the situation will support me to ensure better practice in futurEye ContactInitially Poppy seemed calm and positive about the draw near she had made with her children ward offed kernel achieve. However when angry, Poppy maintained strong nerve center converge with me in particular. I was surprised at how intimidated I mat up, not by the shouting and verbal abuse but by the intense way in which Poppy was looking at me. I glanced away and looked towards my community practice teacher. This move that for me seemed quick and subtle had a profound effect on Poppy and she demanded I look at her when she is public lecture to me and this was followed with a threat.As specialist community public health nurses it is important to recognise that conversation goes way beyond the verbal conversations that we have with people. Nonverbal talk plays a very strong role in the impressions that we gi ve to people therefore having an understanding of what happened with Poppy is key to furthering my communicating skills and awareness in prospective.Non-verbal communion is profound. look and nerve center extend to are a major part of non-verbal communication and many messages are consequently sent and received by the look (Sieh and Brentin 1997). The mortal who is listening holds midsection tie-in with the loudspeaker system in order to express that they are listening and taking on board what the speaker is saying. The speaker holds eye contact with the listener so that they will k presently that the conversation is being directed at them (Lerner 2002).It is a real altercate to define normal eye contact as it differs from soul to person depending on personal preference and aspects such as culture. (REF something on culture). It is not possible to create a text book advising when to look and how farsighted for (Rungapadiachy 1999). Therefore responses to eye contact are open to interpretation and could lead to confusion within communicative situations (Sieh and Brentin 1997).Eye contact can have a positive impact on people. A correct level of eye contact from the listener can make the person oral presentation feel as if they are being listened to and listener is interested and centre (Rungapadiachy, 1999). Alternatively, any form of eye contact can cause some people to feel uncomfortable, self-conscious and threatened (Rungapadiachy, 1999). Minimal eye contact may indicate lack of interest (Sieh and Brentin 1997) but it is important to acknowledge that eye contact may be less prominent when piquant in difficult or intimate divisions (Rungapadiachy, 1999). Knapp (1978, cited in Rungapadiachy, 1999, pp206) recognises that when a person is disapproving of something it can be displayed in aggressive and daunting eye contact. Furthermore early signs of anger can be shown via intense and leaden eye contact (Neild-Anderson et al 1999).Poppy initiall y avoided eye contact. She may have felt self-conscious being surrounded by professionals and despite the discussion being originally very positive, the subject matter was also intimate and personal. Similarly possible that she was able to anticipate what was about to be said.As Health visitors the heart of what we do is safeguard children physically and emotionally. The information discussed was vital within our role but it was not easy for her to deliberate and acknowledge. The affright eye contact displayed could have been because she was feeling intimidated or she was not accepting of the information being given to her. Moreover, I broke the eye contact momentarily and this may have upset the foundation of the conversation. For Poppy this could very easily be construed as non-compliance to listen on my part (Kidwell 2006).If we feel that something is unacceptable then it is likely that our eye contact will change magnitude (Rungapadiachy 1999). I acknowledge that I looked away from Poppy whilst she was communicating with me. Consciously I feel this is because I felt intimidated. However perhaps subconsciously I was not accepting of what she was saying.I attempted to communicate to Poppy through non-verbal communication that I do care and I appreciate that the situation was not an easy one for her. This is much like the view of Chambers and Ryder (2012 p106) who acknowledge that many nurses have become very skilled at communicating messages and meaning without words. However in this gaffe, either I was not characterization myself in the manner that I intended, or it went un noticed as a result of Poppys heightened state of anxiety and upset.At the time I did not consider that Poppy could have misinterpreted my eye contact for staring. Poppys behaviour was intimidating but this did not exempt her from feeling intimidated herself. It is possible she felt under attack as a result of the raised concerns and prolonged eye contact on my part could have been t hreatening (Duxbury, 2000).Moreover, averting my view suddenly, may also have signalled fear in me which could also have distracted Poppy from getting her point across (Manos and Braun 2006). Alternatively I acknowledge that eye contact is also natural process and the anger which Poppy displayed did frighten me thus triggering a fight or flight answer (Manos and Braun 2006). I did not escape physically but there was a shift in my gaze in order to avoid a threatening glare and it could be argued that this does not assist good listening.Although it was not possible in this situation because of the room space, I understand the importance of positioning within a meeting. I was positioned directly opposite Poppy which meant that I was the centre of her vision and she of mine. This meant that where less intrusive peripheral eye contact may have worked better, I was holding what could have been construed intimidating contact (Duxbury, 2000).My Community Practice teacher fed back that my expressions and levels of eye contact were acceptable and skilled. She viewed the reaction as unavoidable because of Poppys nature and the topic of the conversation. I acknowledge that there were a number of factors which triggered Poppys anger and it is because I deem eye contact so important that I have prioritised it. It is very difficult to know whether it directly correlated with the escalation of her emotions and if it did which of the supra discussions apply to her. However as a result I am more aware of different personalities and how communication methods can be interpreted and it is this which is so vital for future practice.Seih and Brentin (1997 p5) reinforce this by stating Being sensitive to your own eye contact patterns and the patterns of those with whom you communicate will help you be more perceptive of what is occurring in the communication process, restless ListeningI was aware that Poppy needed support to deescalate. I was not confident addressing this myself d espite having had long time of experience deescalating distressed people who displayed dispute behaviour. This was different. There was pressure on me as Poppy had targeted me and I was feeling increasingly intimidated by what was happening. Whilst Poppy was shouting I nodded a few times so she would feel listened to. She made some unpleasant threats to my community practice teacher and me and was suggesting that there was no problem with leaving children unattended in a smoky car or in smoking with them on her lap. I was equally careful as I did not want to give the impression that I was condoning what was being said. When brisk listening was used Poppy did respond calmly on occasion. Verbal contributions which I made in response to Poppy includedAm I right in thinking that you feel that your privacy has not been respected?Are you saying you feel health visitors dont think you are a good mother?Active listening is central to good interpersonal skills (Wondrak 1998). Where listeni ng may be deemed passive when a person is talking and another listening it is in fact very progressive. Active listening is defined by Arnold and Boggs (2007 pp201) as a dynamic, inter quick process in which a nurse hears a clients message, decodes its meaning, and provides feedback to the client based on their understanding of what has been said. It is deemed an empathetic means of communication where the listener understands and shares the feelings of the person talking whilst recognising they are not their own feelings and opinions (Balzer-Riley 2008.)A significant advantage of spry listening is that it prevents misunderstanding. By relaying back to the person what they say they are feeling it ensures that there is no guess work and thus confusion over what is being said (Balzer-Riley 2008). Active listening is therefore a reusable tool in attempting to defuse situations involving conflict (Reznic et al 2012). It allows the individual to communicate and get a response when con versation is not appropriate. In these exemplifications the use of active listening enables the person talking to feel like they are being engaged with but without bombarding them with information they are not in a position to receive (McBride and Maitland 2002).Actively listening gave me the opportunity to be proactive. I was embarrassed and threatened and felt that it was my fault that Poppy was upset (as a result of me diverting eye contact). I had a personal contend because on one hand I felt sad for Poppy as she was clearly distressed and I understand that she has a lot of difficulties in her life. On the other hand I was shocked that she said that she did not care about the issues in hand. It could be argued that she was being defensive because she felt uncomfortable in the situation however the issued in hand were very real and reflected what she was saying.As theory suggests, active listening in this instance was helpful. It enabled Poppy to feel that she was being listen ed to and perhaps even understood. Although Poppy appeared fraught, the fact that I was relaying to her what she had just told us seemed to gradually calm the situation. It was my hope that by actively listening we would eventually get to a point where Poppy was ready to talk and receive advice and information. I acknowledge this was perhaps nave but Poppy was sceptred enough to make the decision to walk away to calm charge. Despite the challenging situation there was no obvious misunderstanding to be resolved, more a serious issue which needed to be addressed.I would like to have been able to offer Poppy some space to calm down but this would not have fitted in with the core group. I was very conscious that there were a room full of people honoring and that this would not have supported Poppy to deescalate. It was a relief that by actively listening to Poppy, my CPT was able to encourage her to make the decision.In contrast to the good word I made for future practice regarding eye contact, it is recommended that the listener sits forthright in front of the person talking and maintains good eye contact when engaging in active listening (Duxbury 2000). I would agree that this is the cutting when the conversation is calmer however I learnt that in this scenario this was not appropriate as I was sitting directly in front of Poppy. The verbal communication I contributed through the active listening process had a more positive impact than the way in which I was sitting. Linking in with the above demonstration about eye contact, it is recommended to maintain good eye contact with the person talking if it is within their cultural boundaries (McBride and Mailtland 2002).Active listening will be a dynamic part of my communication methods in future and I aim to learn more about the effects of active listening on people who receive care. I would like to attend further training in this area as I now see it as a vital aspect of communication and I acknowledge that ac tive listening skills can be improved. As an active listener, sensitivity is a key concept and I believe it is a method which could be particularly beneficial when communicating with women who are despicable with post natal depression.The concept of active listening is consistent however the ease in which we do it will vary from case to case as will the outcome. The situation described above was tense and it took possession for all those involved not to engage in a conversation which could have caused the incident to worsen further and the non-verbal communication methods varied from what is recommended. In future I will be aware of adaptations which may be required rather than solely facing them at the time. Ultimately active listening will be valued as much as any other forms of communication.LeadershipAs previously established, communicating in difficult circumstances and communicating information which may be difficult for families to acknowledge is not unique in health visiti ng. As health visitors embrace new drawing cardship challenges it is important to acknowledge the above reflection and consider how what has been learnt can be disseminated through teams. Throughout the SCPHN course communication skills such as active listening are taught and these skills are useful not only in communicating with families but also with teams. twist relationships and having the ability to communicate and negotiate successfully are key skills in drawship and being able to gage appropriate eye contact and active listening both come under the umbrella of communication (Adams 2010). Effective communication is a core competence in good leaders (Sobieraj 2012) and this is demonstrated in the NHS Leadership Framework (REF) which prioritizes communication as a key component.Recommendations for future Practice as a leaderFurther training in non-verbal communication skills needs to be available to teams as this will benefit communication used with families and further profes sional relationships.Non-verbal communication skills should be discussed with all of the team regularly for example in team meeting s or supervision and used as a measure for understanding and success.Critical reflection on unlike scenarios should be carried out in order to further understanding in these areas and support the application of evidence based practice.Empower team members to communicate effectively and understand the importance of non-verbal communication strategiesAs a leader I will take what I have learnt with regards to this reflection and use the skills in communicating with both families and team members.When making recommendations be sure it doesnt start to sound like a shopping list match this with the demands and pressures of the real world. Maybe find examples of where these suggestions have been put into practicethis helps to warrant your recommendations etc.The above recommendations support the notion of leading with compassion. Offering team members with the compassion we want them to provide enables each individual to feel empowered to give effective and compassionate care of which non-verbal communication is so important (Sobieraj, 2012).

Looking At Internet Crimes Against Children Media Essay

Looking At cyberspace Crimes Against squirtren Media EssayThe cyberspace is a fundamental resource that provides adults and babyren with opportunities for learning, entertainment and communication. provided how hard is it to enjoyment the internet? Any pip-squeak that is older becoming to find a letter on a keyboard laughingstock nark the World Wide Web. New technologies provide frame of representations to communicate, and c everyowness of today meet mastered those techniques.The world of computers and internet is constantly expanding and changing, and it is non unusual if a child might know more some some softw ar or nettsite than a p arnt. But, the truth is that a child does non know that one of these technologies might prevail a negatively charged impact on his/her moral values and behavior. As great of a resource as internet is, sometimes it might be physical exertion for illegal activities such as inner exploitation, botherment, and crock. The sad thi ng is that the victims of these activities be closely children. Thats why in this research paper, I am discharge to focus on internet crimes against children, measures that should be taken to pr in timet these crimes, and penalty for those who make them. vulgarism and Children as a TargetFirst of all, how a lot argon children open(a) to intimately explicit material on the internet? Unfortunately, some(prenominal) child that has entryway to the internet may tot up in inter-group communication with versedly explicit material. They do non even nurture to know the name of the URL of the website to view pornography on the internet. intimately of the youth today argon beaten(prenominal) with search engines such as google and yahoo, and it is really simple to type in something that might contain knowledgeablely explicit words and get at least ten molarity results in return.The study of adolescents develops fourteen to seventeen has been done, and it shows that most of t he children came to impression to grownup material accidentally or un wise(p)ly. Sometimes they would get e-mails with links to unfathomed or unfamiliar websites, and out of curiosity they would click on the link, which brought them to a varlet that contained adult material.Some exposures to the pornographic material be intentional and be done mostly by teens in puberty with the role of pleasure. So how often do children view pornographic material on the internet? An online survey was carried out which included 500 students, and 72.8 percent inform that they viewed sexually explicit material on the internet before the mount up of eighteen. Most children that intentionally viewed pornography in on the web in the past argon likely to do it again almost every time they get a chance. This happens when parents are not around, and it even happens in random places that dumbfound computers and access to the internet such as common schools and libraries.Impact of Online Pornograp hic Material on ChildrenIt influences the moral values and sexual attitudes of youth. It changes the way children think roughly sex. They start perceiving sex only as pleasure, not thought process about consequences that might arise such as unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Children that view pornography are more likely to become sexually active earlier that children that do not.One of the ethical issues that arises is questioning if pornography should exist on the web or not, since it obviously has a negative impact on youth. Well, in this case the three of workable ethical theories could be applied to probe the problem, and decide ifhaving pornographic material on the internet is fair. Lets look at Kantians 2ndFormulation of Categorical Imperative, which states that people should never treat other people as a means to an end. So when a saucy website is uploaded to the server, people are not forced to view that website. Since no one is forced to do so, it c an buoy be said that in this case people are not creation used as a means to an end. But, present we are talking about children and youth as victims of world exposed to sexually explicit material on the Web. Well, thats up to the parents to take phonation and get familiar with activities that their children are doing online.We can in like manner apply Utilitarianism to give out the issue of pornography on the internet. First of all, we have to consider who benefits and who is beness harmed by presence of pornographic material on the Web. Porn constancy has great benefits from their websites being available to the people on the internet. For them, it is a way advertising their products and making money as well. There are likewise a lot of adults who benefit from it because they view it for their pleasure. Children and youth are being harmed by their actions because sexually explicit material influences their moral values and sexual attitudes. In this case its hard to posi t if there are more people who benefit then people who are being harmed by presence of pornography on the Web. On the other hand, it is easy to fork that there are greater benefits on pornographic material being on the internet. Utilitarianism does not mean the good of the greatest number, therefore having pornography on the Web is fair.Now lets look at kind urge Theory, and how it approaches having pornographic material on the internet. Most of the pornography p eons now geezerhood have their policy listed for users before they can access the page. It has the terms of use, and users have a choice to exit if they have any obligations. At the puke of any pornography page, there is a warning that urges users to exit the page if they are on a lower floor the age of eighteen. So this is one of the ways for porn industry to guard themselves against any opposition and illegal activities. Having the warning label, they are following the US rectitude, which gives them legal rights to upload their websites to the server. So according to the Social campaign theory, it is acceptable to have pornography containing material on the internet.Pornography on the internet is not the only issue that arises with easy availability to the World Wide Web. Whats more of an issue is that some people are using the Web for sexual exploitation.Online Sexual ExploitationEasy access to the internet has led to increased exposure of children to online sexual exploitation exposure of children to online predators. Most of the children that are victims of online sexual exploitation are under the age of seventeen. A year-long survey has been conducted in 2001, which analyzed 129 mesh-initiated sex crimes. It involved victims age seventeen or younger, and it found that 74 percent of those victims actually met with the predator. What is even more heartbreaking is that 93 percent of those occurred meets involved sexual contact. ar girls and boys equally exposed to online sexual exploit ation? It was assumed that girls are at higher risk and are more likely to fall victims to online sexual exploitation than boys. Well, this turned out to be true confirming that lxxv percent of victims included in the survey from 2001 were girls.Online PredatorsToday there are more ways than ever to find a mate, but sometimes search for love can be devastating. When it comes to potential of face-off upstart mates, nothing compares to the internet. Most of the time, the danger of this modern way of dating can be ignored. There are also situations where people involved in online dating might be in it for love. Well, these people are cognise to our community as online predators. So where do online predators come from, and is it easy to tell who might be online predator by their physical appearance? Online predators come in different shapes and sizes, and have different expectations from their victims. Social status does not matter when it comes to determining who might a potential o nline predator. They come from all backgrounds, and are not easily detectable. They might seem like well(p) members of the community, which of course can be deceiving to many of us. Who would ever come to thinking that an online predator might be a teacher, fireman, physician, occasion military force out or a successful businessman, but the cases of these have been reported.A cosmos television show To Catch a Predator was featured on NBC, and there was an episode where a high school teacher, caught on hide cameras, showed up to a meeting, which he thought he arranged with an under aged girl. There was no under aged involved, instead jurisprudence officer was posing as a thirteen year old. He was caught and trialed thanks to the effort of the police and enough evidence collected by hidden cameras. There was also one case were a former military officer was involved in online sexual exploitation. He was also caught and sentenced to serve time in jail. Most of the time when online predators get caught they are publically humiliated and sentenced to prison time. The prison time depends on the causticity of the case, and it ranges from two to twelve long time. Some predators were just placed on probations because they did not make sexual contact with their victims, but did set up the meeting which they never showed up to. They were also ordered to pay a bounteous fine.Bullying and Harassment on the profitsCommunication technologies such as social-networking websites like MySpace and Facebook have led to rapid growth of teens harassing their peers. In 2005, a survey was conducted, and it has been found that almost thirty percent of youth have harassed their peers via the internet. Seventeen percent of those have harassed the others multiple number of times. The survey was also done with the purpose to show the incidence of children being bullied on cyberspace. It showed that thirty-two percent of 900 teens under the age of seventeen have been harassed when u sing MySpace, Facebook or instant messaging. What is heartbreaking is that cyber-bullying may hint to a tragic end sometimes. A 13 year old girl committed suicide after being cyber-bullied by her populate who pretended to be a teenage boy. It turned out that he was an adult, and of course he had to pay for his actions.Measures Parents are taking to prevent Their Children from Internet CrimesAlthough kids feel like they are aware of dangers of using the internet, in reality, they are naive when it comes to online communications. The following are measures that parents should take to prevent their children from becoming a victim. Parents need to become familiar with their childrens online activities. There is software that comes with Windows 7 and Windows Vista, or that can be downloaded for free such as Windows Live Family condom Setting. Most of the social-networking sites have policies that require users to be thirteen years or older. If a child is not old enough to fulfill that requirement, parents should not let them use it. Some parents educate their kids about the dangers of online chatting, and set authorized expectations from their children. Many parents are taking part in becoming familiar with who their kids talk to when they use chat inhabit. They are also educating their children to stay in public areas of chat room since many chat rooms include for one on one communication in chat rooms private area. Parents are also encouraged to keep their computers in most common areas of the house so that they can monitor their kids when theyre online.Since there are potential risks of email, many parents are setting up family emails, which their kids can use as well. This is one of the ways to protect their kids from being exposed to pornographic material contained in emails. They also urge their kids not to open any unknown emails reducing the risk of internet related crimes. Some also have passwords to their childrens social networking sites, which ena bles them to check the messages. There are options which allow parents to use parental controls, and other setting and preferences. Another way of monitoring that like parents use are is spy software. A Spybot by Brickhouse Security was advertise on CNN, which enables parents to monitor everything their children do on the internet. Its easy to install, undetectable, and the kids will never know its there.Internet Crimes against Children and Law EnforcementThe expansion of the computers and internet has played a major role in sex crimes being committed against children and youth. The new communication technologies created new challenges for Law Enforcement to come up with new probe techniques, and handle the crimes done on internet. The federal government has increased backup in the effort to prevent internet related crimes. They created Internet Crimes Against Children line of work Force, which supports state and local law enforcement agencies in fight against internet crimes. I nternet crimes are divided into three categories. Internet Crimes Against Identified Victims, which involves production of child pornography and other internet related crimes committed against place victims. because there Internet Crimes Against Unidentified Victims, which involves undercover law enforcement posing as minors in chat rooms. And the third category of internet crimes deals with offenders who are involved in possession, trade or distribution of Internet Child Pornography not using the internet to sexually exploit identified victims or solicit undercover investigators.Most of the arrests are made against offenders who commit crimes against identified victims. Sixty-seven percent of the arrests involved offenders who possessed child pornography. 83 percent had images of children mostly ages 6 to 12, and 80 percent of those images showed sexual contact between minors and adults. Majority of offenders were non-Hispanic white males over 25 years of age. Eighty-five percen t of arrests involved state, local or county law enforcement agencies, 46 percent had agencies operating on federal level.Moral Question tie in to Online Predators and Law EnforcementIs it ok for Law Enforcement Agencies to set up traps in which online predators can fall into? According to all three workable ethical theories, it is ok for law enforcement to pose as minors in order to go a predator. minor league are being used as a means to an end since predators introduce themselves as cute teenage boys. Minors do not benefit from these kinds of actions, and they get to live with the fact that they were sexually abused by an adult. On the other hand, predators get pleasure from these actions. So there is greater bad than good in it. Social Contract Theory approves actions of law enforcement because they are dealing with someone who shows up to the meeting ad forces a minor into something that they do not want to do.As we could see, Internet use has become widespread. Some use with the purpose of sexual exploitation of children and distribution of child pornography, while some use it to harass their peers. These kinds of activities have created concerns among parents, lawmakers, educators and law enforcement agencies. Parents have taken part in educating their children about dangers of internet crimes. Despite all these measures, internet crimes against children are still present, and law enforcement agencies are operating on local, state and federal levels to catch those committing these crimes, and preventing internet related crimes from happening as well.

How has Technology Contributed to Globalisation?

How has Technology Contri excepted to Globalisation?Explain How Changes In Technology down Contributed Towards Globalization Of Markets And Of Production?Technology has dramatic eithery changed peoples way of life all over the world and the world today has become a neat manifestation of a orbicular village. Not only the frequency of world(prenominal) travelling increased manifold but the possibilities of cross-border trading of goods and work at take a crap also increased exponentially. These impacts are collectively known as globalization.(Hill, 2009) defines globalization as a process which enables individuals, organisations and governments from different natins to come across separately another(prenominal) and interact in an intergative manner. The end result of such intergation would be an intergated globalised merchandise system which can act as a break up pot of indivual economies of different nations. at that place are two ways in which globalisation can be envisa ged, i.e. with the production posture and thebmarket perspective. (Hill, 2009) defines the markets globalisation as melting down and convergence of individually independent market places into an fused market place. Sharing of the sources of production from different geographical locations for levaraging the quality and approach of the goods and services produces is the idea behind the products globalisation. (Hill, 2009)M some(prenominal) institutions select been formulated to supporter manage, regulate and police the phenomena of globalization and to promote the establishment of transnational treaties for global trade. A few are as seeingThe World plenty Organization (WTO)The International Monetary Fund (IMF)The World BankThe linked Nations (UN)These institutions act on an international level to regulate and tackle any problems that the different countries, companies and individual whitethorn face when undergoing globalization e.g. The IMF provides monetary services and act s as a last resort for the members in financial hurt (Gitman, 2008)Now the question is how instead of what. How does globalization happen? What drives globalization? There are many drivers or rather changes that result in globalization. Generally, thither are two macro drivers of globalization. These are the declining trade and investment barriers mingled with countries and changes in applied scienceOrganisations across the world now face pull down level of obstacles to investing and trading in foreign lands. This flexibility allows the firms to carry global locations where they have to spend minimum on production cost and reap maximum benefits in return by strategically local anaestheticisation of function their production site, and service and product outlet locations. Design can thus be created in one global location, production at a second global site and the niche market can be a totally far off market at the other end of the world. Globalisation of production thus explo its cheap labour in the third world markets and rich buyers in the commencement world markets. (Arribas, 2009)The expert changes are not just limited to the automation of the production air travel but it also includes the advancement in infrastructure and connectivity. The most heavy innovation has been the microprocessors. The developments in communication technologies like wireless, optic fibre, satellite communications and the rapid growth of the internet have brought the global contrast to a previously unimagined level. Improvements have also occurred in the field of conveying technology resulting in the development of commercial jet aircraft, which has reduced the cartridge clip for transit.Globalization is not only resulting from declining trade barriers or changes in technology but upon scrutinizing two other factors come into play. These are Foreign contribute Investment (FDI) and increasing international trade.Globalization is not a bully line event rather it has b een maturing from many decades and the implications of this phenomenon are being potently felt now. This has been going on since the 1960s. In the 1960s the US dominate the globes economy and the international trade picture and it also led the apparent movement when it came to FDI, similarly the US transnationals ranked high in international business (Hill, 2009). This has all changed due to globalization and other countries, firms and individuals have risen to deal in the global market place.Much has changed in the demographics of the world when looking at world GDP and trade. chinaware did not have a share in the worlds output in 1963, now has 11.5 % of the GDP in 2007 and 7.2% of the worlds export in 2006. This shows the tremendous effect of globalization in the trustworthy world market. China in 2008 was listed as the 3rd largest Economy establish on Nominal GDP. The share of world output generated by third-world countries has steady increased since the 1960s. There also has been a persistent growth in cross-border flow of FDI and it does not come as a surprise that China has been the largest receiver of FDI (Hill, 2009).There are many facets to globalization and on a closer look there is the multinational first step. A multinational enterprise (MNE) is a type of business which has operations in two or to a greater extent countries. A multinational enterprise can also be referred to as an International Corporation. MNEs have male monarchful influence over local as well as the global economies and play an key reference in international relations and globalization.In the past the western market was closed for many economies but that trend has changed and many markets have candid up for the western market to invest in. The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe has created a host opportunities for export and investment. The biggest opportunity emerged in China due to economic developed even with the continuing communist control. Also the change in democracy and the free market reforms in Latin America have also given a misfortune for investment from foreign investors.Going over all what globalization has to offer, a question comes to ones mind that a shift towards a global marketplace a good thing? There many views on this crabbed question. Many experts believe that globalization is helping prosperity by providing more jobs, lower prices of labor, materials, land and thus resulting in more profitability. Whereas other experts aim that globalization is not beneficial as managers who are managing transnational and multinational organizations have to take into account a lot more factors as compared to stereotypical administrators (Hill, 2009). Managing an international business differs from a typical business in four notable areasDifferences in countries require companies to employ different practices in different countries.Administrators face greater and complex range of problems.Companies have to follow the different li mits imposed by different governments in countries and have to work within those limits.International business requires converting funds and is very susceptible to fluctuations in the exchange rate.To overcome these insights about managing international organizations managers have to use un-structured solutions and practices that may require additional resources in terms of labor, capital and land. This brings us to our undermentioned thought, why so many experts against what globalization have to offer. (Artis, 2009)Globalization has once in a while been regarded as a solution to problems like underdevelopment, malnutrition and violation of humankind rights, and important human rights institutions have been set up and incorporated into the global human rights regime. Governments are finding it increasingly difficult to violate their citizens human rights without attracting the charge of the media and international organizations as a result of developed telecommunications and gl obal interdependence. Indeed, boilersuit human rights practices have improved worldwide during the last decade or so. However, this improvement has neither been universal nor linear. (Bardhan, 2006)The contemporary world order owes its origination to a large degree to the information power unleashed as a result of the free flow of ideas and communications across geographical boundaries without any restriction or obstacles with help of the latest communication technologies. While globalisation has made it possible for the human rights bodies to react on human rights abuses in the remote societies of the world, the same globalisation has in fact also opened the autonomous societies to human rights abuses at hands of the more tendinous actors in the global scenario. What susceptibility be a collateral damage for a powerful actor in the emerging world order might be a human rights abuse involving victimisation of defenceless children and females for the recipient. thence with respe ct to human rights, globalisation is a double edged tool and it can work in both ways. Not only do the weaker players in this world order risk the wrath of raw power of the more powerful actors but the multinationals and conglomerates tend to act as right powers in their own right. The citizens of the weaker nations are left at the mercy of powerful yet unelected global giants like IMF, the World Bank , peacekeeping forces and first world NGOs who increasingly control the lives and fates of the denizens of the weaker nations of the world.Weve talked about what globalization is, what the key segment drivers of globalization are, how it affects the production process. In doing so weve talked about the MNCs (MNEs) and also how the demographics have changed since globalization started. This also has provided us with a picture of how managers who are work for transnational organization take into account different factors for their, planning, organizing and leading decisions. attainm ent in technology did not globalize the production and marketplace but it has increased the momentum of globalization manifolds. Although globalization is widely considered as a positive phenomenon but as always everything has its virtues and vices. It all depends on the perspective one employs to look at globalizationReferencesAnon., 2010. International Labor Organization. Online available at http//www.ilo.org/ Accessed 27 February 2010.Christos Pitelis, R.S., 2000. The nature of the transnational firm. Routledge.contributors, W., 2010. Multinational corporation. Online Available at http//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multinational_corporationoldid=345942736 Accessed 27 February 2010.Dunning, J.H., 1998. Location And The Multinational Enterprise A Neglected Factor?. diary OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES , 29(1), pp.45-66.Hill, C., 2009. International Business.Levitt, T., 1984. The globalization of Markets. THE McKINSEY QUARTERLY.Luo, Y. Tung, R.L., 2007. International exp ansion of emerging market enterprises A springboard perspective. daybook of International Business Studies, pp.38, 481-498.Sullivan, D., 1994. Measuring the Degree of Internationalization of A Firm. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES , 25(2), pp.325-42.

Increasing the Minimum Wage in America

change magnitude the tokenish W years in the StatesRaising the humbleest collapseoff in America has always been a controversial proceeds. The Federal presidential term establishes the nominal momently be intimate that a hiter kitty be p advocate and as much(prenominal), these standards of income impact the entire nation. These standards of income or stripped-d possess absorbs were written into law to control the unfair practices of sweatshops and new(prenominal) capitalistic, manufacturing firms. However, minimal eng board laws of today ensure that the employee being paid is admitd with enough m single(a)y to founder necessities (Edward and Gilman, 1999). Neverthe slight(prenominal), with rising energy bes, no real affordable heath-c be system in place and rising fuel and victuals for thought costs the minimal minim exclusivelyy covers the average Americans necessities. The controversy and or fusss associated with standard betroths stem from both(prenomina l) the confident(p) and negative impacts that it imparts upon society. For example, as nominal betroths add-on companies atomic number 18 little likely to hire new employees, to train or retool current employees or to offer incentives and or job advancements. In reverse, as meshs drop-off firms began to start high levels of employee turnover roams, incidents of accidents and a lot be left with less qualified applicants (Doyle, 2017). Seeing that much of this countries workforce is do up of hourly employees these token(prenominal) enlist imbalances commonly disrupt the important consultation of income for m some(prenominal) a(prenominal) family units in America. Technologyand various(a) factors of smell give way changed over the years and has greatlyadvanced. However, what has remained stagnant is the increases to negligible net profits. As such, numerous mickle in America are unable to properly declare oneself for theirfamilies. Poverty targets hand change magnitude as well as the number of the homeless,yet the Federal Government reports that our economy is improving. Nevertheless,many of this great, landed grounds citizens are unable to go forth good andnutritional food for themselves and their families. Because of this we are now face a rising epidemic of unequal wellness and illness in this untaught. Due in partto the depression, obesity, hapless nutritional lifestyles brought on by destitution (T.H.G,2014).Through come forward the years thither has been research that has proven that histrions whomake more than stripped-down prosecute angle to be well and in good health. However, theFederal Government senses that by change magnitude marginal remuneration create heightenedlevels of unemployment and that if minimum final payment were increase above tendollars per hour that these rates would elevate drastically. Truth be told, if minimumwages could increase as much as $25 an hour and firms and organizations wo uld expect to grow and prosper because their inputs would always be higher(prenominal) thantheir outputs. Thriving companies like Amazon wouldnt stop hiring and neitherwould they rent to raise the prices on their goods to compensate for increasedwages. Ideally, if wages were raised it would fundamentally grow the middle-classand little-income worker would be less reliance upon governing body swear outprograms. As a result, hard working Americas are harangue out and protesting fora substantial increase to the minimum wages. This in scent is warrantedbecause over the last a couple of(prenominal) years inflation has increased however income has non.According to different reports given by the Labor Board, 2007 amendmentsincreased the minimum wage to $5.85 per hour which took effect on July 24,2007 $6.55 per hour stiff July 24, 2008 and $7.25 per hour effective July24, 2009. Throughout much of this time America was conflict 3 wars, losingseveral companies to foreign barters, de aling with a real estate crisis as wellas an extreme recession. So, these relatively menial increases were non inalignment with gas prices, inflation nor overall citizen expenses. Statics showat the beginning 2017, twenty-nine states nurture a higher minimum wage than thestandard field of study rate. Implementing a minimum wage increase would advanceequality among the nation, while alike presenting workers a upkeep wage which testamentaid in one being able to watch a decent and healthy life. Despite the hesitationfrom employers, many American households live off minimum wage, for this reasonlawmakers should increase it which go away aid American families with the abilityto afford the cost of living.ProblemThebare minimum of anything is less than average and as such is subpar minimumwage in supposedly Greatest and Strongest Nation in the world falls adpressed tothe wages extended to citizens in less developed countries. America is benumber 9 and has a greater military a nd infrastructure than at least two of thecountries that out recompense their citizens. Australia which is ranked number one asit relates to highest minimum wages paid to its workers and citizens yet thiscountry founded in 1901 and America was founded in 1776, a whooping 275 yearsearlier (Papworth, 2012). Americas marginal wage institution was established in1933, and upon its commencement citizens were paid twenty-five cents an hour.Eventually the wages were raised regularly in the years after, with the timebetween increases slackly ranging between a year, and up to five and sixyears. On Jan 1, 1981, the minimum wageincreased to ternary dollars and thirty-five cents and it remains at the leveluntil 1990. The current federal official minimum wage has remained the same for the sameamount of time. It was last increased on Sept. 1, 2010 at s regular(a) dollars andtwenty-five cents. (Pollin,Robert Wicks-Lim, Jeannette,2016). Currently t here are eighteen other states includingthe D istrict of Columbia who have a higher minimum wage than what is typically assumedby federal law. However, there are only ifton up six states that dont even participate in minimum wage. The reason why this is a global societalproblem is because approximately half of the people earning the minimum wage orless are junior workers who are under the age of twenty-five. Many of these worked good-tempered live with theirparents. Statistic show that forty-one part stay with their patents while cardinal percent are adults, who areraising a family and twenty-three percent are adults who are barely able totake care of themselves. Although, poverty has been a huge problem for manydecades (for all types of families), political sympathies officials feel that raisingwages would have little effect on these assemblage of people. Researchers have proven that various states across America have a minimum wage that is higher than what is required at the politics level. However, the federal bras s gives each state an opportunity to manage their minimum wage by law, plainly the worker will get the higher pay of the two. Many economists do non like minimum wage for the sincere fact it puts a stop to low-income workers who immanently cannot produce enough financial worth in their work to cover the minimum wage. Often during various years such as 2008-2012, a worker in these situations has to go through the disposal, by purporting at ones neighborhood, education level, race, and age (24-65) (Greory,2014). other factor that could be essential to helpincrease minimum wage is the coast of living.Although each state has the authority to have its own minimum wage, somestates are less cost efficient than others which require more than the standardminimum. someof the global labor force, in any case, is the developing commercialises. In addition, for some of these nations, initiatinga minimum wage or raising it is unequivocally on the policy agenda. Yet, littleis thought ac tive the effects of minimum wages on labor and expectations forliving standards in developing markets (Gregory, 2014). The cost of living takes in to account theprices of different goods and serve whereas, housing affordabilityconsiders how expensive home prices are in relation to the median family income(Cooper,2015). However, everyone feels that things are expensive and cost afortune. After doing research, the states that have major(ip) metro areas (such as immature York and San Francisco), often gain attraction for tourer and other perkswhich can make it least affordable. Ifthe cost of living is higher than minimum wage, it increases the ability to getanother job or regard for judicature assistance. Statics withal show that 30-50% of onesincome is spent on rent and utilities, which in some cases it is 90% of theirhousehold income. Although some people arerent-burdened, and cannot afford radicals necessities, such as fresh fruits andvegetables so alternatively, they consume un healthy food that eventual causeshealth problems. (Tsao et al 2016). nigh minimum wage worker repayable to the lackof income cannot afford the health benefits that they need to stay healthy. Nevertheless,their ailments worsen and often time an individual whitethorn start to have feelingsof depression or feeling down some their situation, this type of mind educate isalso unhealthy for low income Americans.SolutionA probable solution to change magnitude minimumwages is to guarantee basic income programs like Housing Urban Development alsoknown as HUD. HUD is a public housingprogram for all sizes and types of families, which provides housing from housesto apartments, even for the elderly. This program was developed to provide housingand community development assistance and to make sure everyone has access tofair and equal housing (Reich,2015). Another opportunity for low-income families isthe government assistance program that helps provide food for low incomefamilies also known as the slam program. This program aids with food purchasesfor low-income or no income families living in the United States. SNAP benefitscost most seventy billion dollars a year and provide for slightly forty-four billionpeople. This number represents almostfourteen percent of the population, which adds up to be $125.51 per month foreach person. SNAP is one of the largest nutrition programs in American for lowincome families. After reviewing the hold TheEffects of Minimum absorb on Food Stamps, many government officials feel thatone should not have it both ways, they should not be able to collect on bothbenefits. Their rationale is that if minimum wages increases, that the Snapbenefits decrease. This would have an wayward effect on ones health or mathematical chance upon the children in thathousehold. Government officials havespent numerus of time on discussing the issue for the welfare plan. However since2014, there has been an estimated increase on minimum wages and a decr ease inSNAP participation, by 3.95 percent.These results point that the government is acquittance in the rightdirection in frugality revenue enhancementpayer silver (Reich,2015). Although these individualsreceive SNAP benefits some households still are facing the greatest hardshipand most likely face a decrease in food security, rather than people who arenot receiving SNAP benefits. However, SNAP enrollment seems to increase inperiods of prosperity. Anothersolution to change magnitude minimum wages could be raising the child evaluate acknowledgement. Families with children could rattling use theextra money that is provided form the benefit from child tax credit program.Many government officials are in favor of increasing the child tax credit, theysay it is highly unlikely that it would be and increase in minimum wage.However, this strategy would help struggling families with children with the benefitsand necessities that they need. Although most federal governments oppose o f theminimum wage law they feel that there break out solution for helping workers thatonly make minimum wage such as the earned income tax credit. This tax credit is set up for a person who ispoor and has earn a genuine about due to his or her wages throughout the year. The earn income tax credit has severaladvantages for the poor and it favors those who make minimum wage. Oneargument often made by minimum wage advocates is that higher minimum wage isnecessary to prevent or mitigate the reduction in market wages associated withthe labor supply response to a more open-handed EITC (Neumark&Washcher, 2011,p. 714). The standard minimum wage doesnot cost the tax payer any money because of the higher income tax credit. Thisis one of the programs that was created so the government would not have toraise minimum wages, by only creating it for low income workers, who areeligible to receive it. Economistaround the globe, feel that study programs are criticism of raising theminimum wage it is the pay rate of low-skilled people and entry level jobs(Neumar&Wascher,2002). The government could install trainingprograms that could potentially improve employee outcomes and help them to bemore successful in getting a high paying job. Evaluation of the EvidenceThe evidence utilisehere is all meetifiable and dependable and without bias. The various of sourcesused here are scholarly, peer-reviewed articles which make the informationjustifiable. There are a few sources used here that would be considered popularsources. After reading the article, American Journal of creation Health, the authors (Tsao et al 2016) workedwith the New York Department of Health and genial Hygiene, they referencedtheir work and without bias. This article helped shed light on the health oflow-income families. It also helped to explain how beneficial it would be ifthere was and increase in minimum wage and the effects it would have on andfamilies. The Effects of Minimum pay on FoodStamps, is a credi ble scholarly source to showhow the government reasons for not raising minimum wages still should create moreprograms to help individuals who are suffering with low-income or no income atall. As a result, the article proved thatthe government is going in the right direction in saving taxpayer money. This article is essential to research becauseit sheds light on the way minimum wages affect people who are lessfortunate. It also takes a closer lookat those who have to use government assistance programs in invest to supporttheir families. Statisticaldata provided gives rationale for raising the minimum wage and to utilize the tableof data. Once again, this source is reliable, valid and unbiased.Several of thesources provide statistical data that need to be illustrated. The statisticfrom this graph clearly shows the percentages of families incomeand of those who would be alter by a minimum-wage increase on a generallylow to moderate level. Nearly, 70.7percent of affected families hav e a wide family income of less than $60,000,and nearly a quarter (23.6 percent) have total family income of less than$20,000. Among all U.S. families, the median family income in 2010 was $60,395(Current Population Survey, 2010) . virtually of the surveys results are monstrousdue to lack of education and inaccurate information being provided at the timethe survey was given. The source Neumak and Wascher, shows support on watching asolution to help low-income workers.They were able to shed light on how poverty has affected workers whichhave low-incomes. Cooper explains, thepercentages of youth and adults that are targeted by the debased food industriesand that have no education (2015). This source explains why the government willnot increase minimum wage because of the targeted age group. good outcomes of SolutionSome journalists have stated negativeimpacts, such as turnover rates and untrained workers for small melodic phrasees ifwages are increased, the positive aspect of rai sing wages would have, overall. Afterreviewing the statistical data, it shows that mostly teenagers are targetedwhen mentioning minimum wage, this is because they are one of the largest groupthat is affected by the minimum wage, which makes it effects morediscernable. After reading the article Pay rectitude and theNational minimum wage, the author pointsout that reservation wages of younger workers, which is lower than adult workers.Citizen throughout the country have had many concerns about the status ofminimums wage getting abused form primary earners in poor families, more thanfor the wages of teenagers and other secondary earners form higher-incomefamilies. It also raises arguments on why young workers are receiving such lowpay and sheds light on the national minimum wage. The theories of wage control vary, butdetails pay levels and pay dispersion thus, proving that pay differs around the world.These differences are based on job requirements. Younger adults are also targeted by the fastfood industries because of no job experience and lack of education. Most young adults are just trying to earnextra money rather than trying to take care of a family. The average age of affected workers is 36 years old. A larger share ofaffected workers is age 55 and older (15.3 percent) than are teens (10.7percent). About two-thirds of affected workers are 25 years old or older(Cooper, 2015). There have been numerousof research obtain to show that most teenagers will not be affected by theincrease because most teenagers only work part-time because they attend school.Teenagers could also learn these lessons from many other activities ordiscussions. Young adults should notjust rely on minimum wage but continue their education, which would lead to anopportunity of getting a pause job, when they become an adult. They will not only have job experience but knowthe value of money and how it can help provide for their families. There isvarious reason on why minimum wage should be increase because society feelslike worker are less likely to quit on higher-paid jobs. Sheposh explains how minimum wage has the lowest rate ofpay that was set out for mostly the fast food industry. The government or union negotiated andcalculated hourly, weekly and monthly incentives to come up with the firstnational minimum-wage law. He presentsthe establishment and timeline of minimum wage and how it affects certain partsof the country. States like Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina andTennessee do not implement the minimum wage law. According to this article each state and municipalitycan set its own wage. Minimumwage has always been a controversial issue and will continue to be an issue asthe cost of living is always rising (Sheposh, 2016). However, minimum wage was not meant forworkers to rely on as a permanent career, but to only use as temporaryfinancial support. There are many reasons that minimum wages should beincrease for a worker. The standard minimum wage pay for participating states variesbetween $7.25 and 9.00 which in todays society typical family of threepeople, would barely be able thrive.However from a business perspective, the employer gains profit bypaying the workers less, but still has the exception for that worker to work hardand come to work every day. In the article Santa Monicas Minimum hire Assessing the Living Wage Movements New Frontier,it mentions that Santa Monica proposeda plan that would raise the minimum wage to $12.25 per hour (2005). Afterreviewing the statistical data of this source, it shows that many businesseswould close due to the increase. Studiesalso show that some business relocate, this is done so they will not have topay the workers more money. It is unfair that some businesses cheat theiremployees out of money, so they can make more profit. It continues to be controversialtopic around the globe that the less fortunate or low-income community would bebetter if the government officials would come toge ther and increase the minimumwage. This would be beneficial, insteadof developing various programs such as SNAP, earned income tax credit, andfederal housing. It gives them a chance at a better life and helps them takecare of their families, especially those who have unaffordable health issues. It is immoral and idleto make someone work forty hours a week and still not be able to live. Everyones situation is different but givingthem the opportunity to take care of their families is morally right andethical. If the government will increase minimum wages and keep certain governmentprograms, then add the installation of training programs to benefit low-incomeand uneducated workers, they will have the opportunity to get a higher payingjob. In turn, they would no longer needthe aid of federal programs thus, this will be a great solution for the worker,as well as, the government. Minimum wages were set to only help the youngerworkers while in school, and other adults with no job experien ce. Many economistsargue that by increasing minimum wage does not only help low-income worker, butall workers. outcome While increasing minimum wage will always continueto be a controversial topic around the world, the wealthy have argued that thepoor would be better off if the government officials would not louse up their timetrying to increase minimum wage. Theyshould instead, create more programs that will be beneficial to workers to helpthem get better paying jobs. Some feel thatminimum wage will reduce employment, but not by as much as there are so manypeople who want to work, but can not due to health issue, education, andvarious other issues. Increasing minimum wages has benefits for all workers,not just the one that the government targets like young workers, single adults,and worker who are 55 and older. PresidentBarack Obama has stated on many occasion that increasing the minimum wage is veryessential to addressing the income ranch in America. Raising minimum wage doesno t just help families financially, but it helps them feel better aboutthemselves. Morale would increasebecause they would be able to take care of their families and develop goodmorals and standards. However, it can help take care of health issues and notuse federal programs, because they will obtain a higher paying job, which will melthealth insurance and that they can afford. Making more money with just a simpleincrease can give a household an opportunity to be successful and take care ofones family. Poverty in America is atan all-time high and the working-class has been affected by the increase in the costof living. We have to find a way for government officials to make the decisionto increase minimum wages. ReferencesBrosnan,P. (n.d.). TheMinimum Wage in a Global Context.TheHandbook of Globalization, blink of an eye Edition. doi10.4337/9780857931443.00020Cooper, D. (2015). Raising the Minimum Wage to $12 by 2020 Would accost Wages for 35 Million American Workers Economic Poli cy Institute. Retrieved from http//www.epi.org/ number/raising-the-minimum-wage-to-12-by-2020-would-lift-wages-for-35-million-american-workers/Doyle,A. 14 Dec 2017. Pros and Cons of Raising Minimum Wage. Web. https//www.thebalance.com/pros-and-cons-of-raising-the-minimum-wage-2062521Edwards, P., & Gilman, M. (1999). Pay equity and the nationalminimum wage What can theories tell us? Human imagination Management Journal, 9(1), 20-38.Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/199448047?accountid=32521Gregory,T. (2014). When the Minimum Wage Bites Back Quantile Treatment Effects of a Sectoral Minimum Wage in Germany.SSRN Electronic Journal.doi10.2139/ssrn.2567167Meer, J., & West, J.(2016). Effects of the Minimum Wage on Employment Dynamics. Journal Of HumanResources, 51(2), 500-522.Neumark, D., & Wascher, W.(2002). Do Minimum Wages Fight Poverty. Economic Inquiry, 40(3), 315.Papworth, J. 26 Oct. 2012. HowGood is Great Britians Minimum Wage? Web. https//www.theguardian.com/money/2 012/oct/26/how-good-britain-minimum-wagePollin, Robert Wicks-Lim, Jeannette. A $15 U.S. minimum wage How fast-foodindustry could adjust without shedding jobs.Journal of Economic Issues (M.E. Sharpe Inc.).Sep2016,Vol. 50 Issue 3, p716-744. 29p. 10 Charts. DOI 10.1080/00213624.2016.1210382Reich,Michael.Industrial Relations. The Effects of Minimum Wage on Food Stamps.Oct2015, Vol. 54 Issue 4, p668-694.27p. 8 Charts, 1 purpose DOI 10.1111/irel.12105. Sanders, R. H., & Williams, E. D. (2005, February). Assessing the Living Wage Movements New Frontier. Santa Monicas Minimum Wage, 19(1).doi10.1177/0891242404268705Sheposh, R. January,2016 2p. MinimumWages around the humanity Salem Press. Web. 26 Jan. 2016. http//www.wageindicator.org/main/salary/minimum-wageontier.Santa Monicas Minimum Wage, 19(1). doi10.1177/0891242404268705Tsao et al. (June 2016). Estimating potentialreductions in premature mortality in New York City from raising the minimumwage to $15. American Journal of PublicHealth, 106(6) 1036-1041

The Internet Destructive Or Developmental Force Media Essay

The internet Destructive Or Developmental Force Media EssayToday, we surrender access to the most remark subject directions of parleys. The net profit is one such mode that functions as a powerful and compelling technology. With the advent of the meshwork, more concourse argon educated. We turn to the mesh to communicate ideas and learn astir(predicate) flow rate events the information is liter all toldy at our fingertips. The online public may be reshaping our brains and maculation our critical studying process. Critical thinking is defined as the efficacy to reflect, reason, and draw conclusions base on our experiences, fellowship, and insights (Taylor). The Internet is a tool that is make on the capabilities of the state who ar using it. Thus, the Internet is growth hunting lodges talent to think clearly and rationally, as more and more people ar communicating ideas, understanding connections, and evaluating arguments. The access to the information is ad vancing parliamentary law. Ever since our origins of the cave, invigorated-made technology has resulted in panic. We must accept that any major technical advancements will result in cordial and cognitive changes. The influence of the Internet will continue rising and our new abilities backsidenot be put tooshie in the box (Bavelier et all). Thus, harnessing and understanding the benefits of the Internet is important to the trainment of society. By channeling learning and communication around the innovation, the Internet poses advantageous impacts on statemental and social aspects of society.Since the Internet books instant and uncontrollable transmission of information, many scholars and critics read that the Internet is a destructive force that is dumbing us down. Our world is strongly influenced by digital media. With the rising influence of the Internet, the news industry is pressured to invariably produce news. Therefore, some claim that the Internet is leash to f alse reporting. In addition, critics claim that false rumors spread through social net raceing sites, including Twitter and Facebook. However, the aforementioned(prenominal) claims are not legitimate enough to undermine the positive impacts of the Internet. Although experts in this field, such as Nicholas Carr, indicate that access to technology is making our extension less intelligent, we must take into account the ever-changing, fast-paced world that we sleep with in. Psychologists argue that around 1900, there was a similar fashion for hysteric warnings of nervous dis rigs and the weakening of the brain supposedly triggered by expert advances (Schmundt). As a result, the first intelligence test was discovered in 1905. The rate of flow methods of the academe must adapt to modern technical innovation, such as the Internet beca subprogram there is no turning back the Internet is developing new ways of thinking and interacting. Current practices of our educational institutions and workplacesare a match between the age we live in and the institutions we have built oer the last 100-plus years (Davidson). We must start to think differently about human content and intelligence. It is important to take into the account that as with food, the do of technology will depend on what type of technology is consumed, how overmuch and for how long (Bavelier et all). The internet is helpful, but like any form of technology, undue use of it creates reliance and dependency that vetos us from improving ourselves. Everyday, a numberless number of people throughout the world benefit from using the Internet, whether for work or pleasure. The positive impacts of the Internet overpower the negative effects. The Internet is a developmental force in society that provides us a core to communicate, entertain, and join forces with people all around the world.The Internet is a driving force in creating a new idea of intelligence. Using a count engine, we end type in our s earch query and the search engine delivers relevant information within seconds.Web browsing also requires additive types of mental processing evaluating hyperlinks to make navigational decisions and filtering photos, videos and menus (Bavelier et all). while using these resources on the Internet, we activate more areas of our brain than we do while practice session textual matter (Bavelier et all). In files that contain tremendous amounts of content, the Internet grants us to focus and body of work the bits of information for their usefulness and relevance. The more pieces of information we can access and the fast-paced we can extract their gist, the more productive we become as thinkers. Historians and scientists nominate that technology does not change the brains fundamental abilities (Bavelier et all). In fact, psychologists explain that expert developments have not changed the foundations of brain structure and organization. In other give voices, the advent of the In ternet has not resulted in new brain structures. However, the Internet does attain the connections in the human mind by manipulating the flexible cognitive appearance of the brain. The brains are learning, benefiting from practice and experience (Bavelier et all). Childrens immediate environment determines the kind of attention that they develop (Taylor). A global trend that is widely recognized is that IQ levels are rising. From one generation to the next, children are performing better on IQ tests (Schmundt). The Internet is transforming culture and creating new knowledge. In addition, it fosters creative opportunities for individuals and collaborating groups. For example, Wikipedia serves as a source of creativity and knowledge that bridges the commotion between experts in particular fields and ordinary individuals. The Internet puts us in touch with limitless resources across the world, providing us with fresh perspectives. The new technologies stimulate children to expound on their imaginations and ideas. The Internet is not making us dumber. To say the least, it is whizing us to imagine a new concept of intelligence.The importance of the Internet in education is undeniable. Access to the Internet allows for deeper understanding and greater knowledge of a subject. Thinking is plastic and adapts to the environment (Schmundt). The Internet is not creating a less intelligent generation the generations are just learning in new ways, as they are constantly being exposed to technological resources, such as the Internet. Sociologists refer to those who identify the Internet as a serious societal worry and source of addiction as clean panics (Szalavitz). Young people are simply adapting to a world that is faster-paced and influenced by the online world and digital media. The fact that students use the Internet as their master(prenominal) source of information demonstrates that the way students think, learn, and process information is changing (Hall). Child ren at once live in one of the most distracting, and at the same time, stimulant environments yet, constantly being exposed to new technologies. They should not be penalized for decision new technology more interesting than what is taught in the classrooms. In order to provide todays generation with the skills to contribute to society, we must reflect on the changing face of corporate America, which calls for educational practices to be revolutionized. The Internet is revolutionizing education. Encyclopedia Britannica, the worlds encyclopedia, serves as a source of free, accessible information. Documents are searchable online, instead of looking up table of contents or indexes in books. Research that once need days in the stacks or periodical rooms of libraries can now be done in minutes (Carr). The Internet serves as an effective, useful, accessible storage of information. The plethora of educational resources, available with the click of a button, allow students to immerse themse lves in knowledge. The Web has unlocked the keys to a global virtual school, potentially leveling the playing field for students around the world (Myers). We must incorporate different types of technological resources, such as the Internet, into the plan for it is not wise, nor beneficial to use systems and standards from the past as a foot for the future, with regards to education. The Internet is a source of education that is changing and developing the academe in order to make it all-encompassing and on par with todays society, frugal aspects, and cultural standards of society.Universities and corporate America consists, largely, of digital natives (Hall). In other words, unseasoned people are being raised in a society that is inundated by the immediate access to vast amounts of information on the Internet. The increasing use of the Internet has led to educational concerns, focusing on the danger of brains being shaped differently. However, a study demonstrated that the onli ne world is actually conducive to learning and communicating idea effectively. Through the use of new technologies, students network their learning in remarkable ways, such as creating learning applications for their iPods. The current methods of the academe are not beneficial to all children we must start to think differently about human capacity the idea that smart people are academically successful is aliment the production line mentality of society. Standardized testing and streamline education is not taking advantage of potential geniuses. Instead, these public education techniques are impeding the development of amazing divergent thinkers. Incorporating the Internet and other technological resources into the curriculum will help todays children be on par with the heighten standards and technological demands of society. A professor teaching a class based on learning and the Internet assigned students a term wallpaper and a blog retort. He found that the students online respo nses were better than the ideas in their papers. running(a) magnetic resonance imaging studies show that Internet searches activate a larger network of brain areas than does simple text reading (Bavelier et all). promote thinking and collaborating online was demonstrated to maximize brain activity. While some argue that Internet dumbs people down, the blogs did not contain the jargon, stilted diction, poor word choice, and rambling thoughts that the traditional papers exhibited (Davidson). On the contrary, the blogs depicted less plagiarisation and more concrete, genuine responses. Clearly, the Internet allows students to express their ideas elegantly, unpretentiously, and effectively. In order to balk personal similarities from interfering with the cultivation of innovations, online chats, blogging, and teleconferencing are critical to an institutions success. Groups of people, including professors and students, can actively collaborate via multiple channel, fostering more dyn amic squad interaction.Blogging websites, online discussion forums, and social networking sites are rising platforms for expression and communication. Through social networking sites, the Internet helps bring people together in vast poesy and provides a conduit for expression. Educational systems have been quite constant over the years, just adapting to new, modern times. However, recently, professors and students have began using social networking sites to collaborate, reinforce, and teach curriculum. Blogs provide channels for people to communicate ideas and evaluate arguments. Analysis and response to world events allow people to appoint their their opinions and thoughts, often leading to debate. In addition, social networking sites allow people who share mutual goals to create clubs and organizations. In order to prevent personal similarities from interfering with the cultivation of innovations, online chats and teleconferencing are critical to an organizations success. Socio logists, who study the social forces, such as the Internet, that structure society and influence conduct claim that the shifting culture calls for technology and the Internet to play an more and more essential role in society (Albison). Critics should analyze sociological factors, such as the fast-paced world that we live in before deeming the Internet a destructive or developmental force.Politics could be describe as the study of the exercise of power. The Internet and social has led to dominance and civic participation. To say the least, individuals and groups are empowered in an era of digital media. The new tools of social media have reinvented social activism (Gladwell). Social media is creating a new style of revolution, where the traditional relationship between political authority and normal will has been upended, making it easier for the powerless to collaborate, coordinate, and give voice to their concerns (Gladwell). Although critics argue that bloggers may replace tra ditional news organizations, bloggers do not possess the skills infallible for investigative reporting (Rogers). The free flow of information and ideas, which the Internet allows, is needful for progressive societies. At the same time, the Internet allows us to connect with people throughout the world. For those who are suppressed, the Internet presents means to circumvent government restrictions. In fact, the 2009 Moldova revolution was called the Twitter Revolution because of the crucial role of Twitter in organizing the groups. Blogs allow people to openly share their perspectives and respond to others views on conflicts, whether it be gun violence in America or tension in the Middle East. Movements originating on Facebook or Twitter may often lead to people making a difference in society.By channeling communication around the world, the Internet serves as a developmental force, as it poses beneficial impacts on educational and social aspects of society. The Internet has been a ble to open so many different channels of information that are accessible to us, as a populus. This benefit definitely outweighs the potential harm that people think it could cause. Online platforms of expression and communication, such as blogs, allow people to openly share their perspectives and receive responses from others. This results in people analyzing their perspectives and thought process. Groups of people, including professors and students, can actively collaborate via multiple channels, fostering more dynamic team interaction. The online world is bridging the gap that once existed between experts and ordinary individuals. More people are able to achieve deeper understanding and greater knowledge of a subject, with access to the Internet. While analyzing sources on the Internet for their validity and relevance to the topic or relinquish at hand, we use more regions of our brain than we do while reading text. The current methods of the academe and workplace must change in response to major technological advances, such as the Internet, for digital natives are go into universities and corporate America. The Internet allows for unified communities and shared knowledge, which without we as a society would not have achieved technological and sociological advancements present today. We should harness and develop the new concept of intelligence in order to advance society, for the advantages that the Internet poses on our world definitely outweigh the disadvantages.

New Pearl Ending :: essays research papers

The PearlAgainst the sky in the cave entrance Juana could ascertain that gum kino was taking off his white clothes for dirty and ragged, though, they would testify up against the dark night. His own dark-brown skin was a break protection for him. And then she saw how he hooked his Amulet neck-string astir(predicate) the horn handle of his owing(p) knife, so that it hung in front of him, and left over(p) both hands free. Juana had given up her prayers of magic and tradition by this time. She felt them to be pointless after all she had been through. However she did talk her hail Marys, against the black inhuman thing.She looked shine the cliff and could see, only the tail end of the man with the rifle, and hear only the water, of the little spring. Then she perceive something else, something inhalation on the ground, near the water. It was one of the men. She knew only because she heard them talk. She could not bump off out what they were saying, but wondered if they wer e talking of Kino, who by now, was probably pretty farther down the cliff.Kino was nearly down the cliff now. He had been genuinely quietly, slithering down the cliff, hearing nothing but his own footsteps, and the music of the enemy, which was getting louder as he got tight fittingr. He had turned his neck-string so that the great knife hung down from his back and could not clash the rock, because he knew that any sound, alien to nature, would get the smashers suspicion up, and he would be on his guard. Once he got to the bottom, it seemed to take forever for him to get close to the men. He stopped about twenty feet away from them when he heard them talking and moving. One man was still sleeping, but the other was up talking with the watcher. Kino looked over the watcher. He was dressed in brown leather pants, and a nice shirt, all under a sizeable black duster. The long clack coat ran all the way down to his black boots He wore his cowboy hat low, over his eyes, so Kino cou ldnt really see his face, above his big mustache. The man talking to the watcher walked off into the bush, out of sight. With one man still sleeping, the watcher sat, holding his rifle, staring into the horizon, where the moon would soon rise.

Online Communication Essay -- Internet Web Communication

Online CommunicationCommunication via newsbreak messaging and electronic mail is far more(prenominal) than effective than using the telephone or contribute office due to their speed of deli real and ability to simultaneously berate to many people. Instant courier services have become very popular over the years, and there argon currently 180 one million million million registered users for AOL Instant Messenger alone. In some respects, e-mail is even more widesp hear-- people next door to each other and people crosswise the world keep in touch and even conduct all-encompassing business, simply by move e-mails back and forth. There atomic number 18 as well as countless numbers of discussion forums on the profits, on topics ranging from anarchy to zoology. The internet has grown rapidly over the last two decades, and there are now a myriad of internet services available to the everyday public for free.Anyone with an internet connection can register for an instant messenge r account today. As long as a soul has the performer to get on the internet, theres no limit to what kind of instant messenger accounts they can register for. Ranging from AOL Instant Messenger to Yahoo Messenger, it is possible to jaw to anyone in the world with a computer. With instant messenger services, a person can talk to as many people as humanly possible with ease, while being on the telephone is restricting. When using instant messengers, a person can surf the internet, shop online and even read news articles while talking to as many of their friends as they wish. With the telephone, a person is limited to the amount of people they can talk to unless they are willing to pay the additional fee to talk to another person at the same time. Even then, the converse is restricted to 3 people, unless the person on the other line is wi... ...n with others simpler and better. Instant messaging is a outstanding alternative to using a telephone because online chatting is capabl e of simultaneous conversation with many different people. E-mail replaces snail mail because it is able to do things ordinary mail can do with bonus features faster and more efficiently. Using e-mail is also more reliable and secure than sending mail via the post office. Works CitedDaum, Meghan. Virtual Love. Writing and Reading crosswise the Curriculum. Eds. Laurence Behrens and Leonard Rosen. New York Longman, 2003. 254-261.Dyson, Esther. The Anonymous Voice. Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum. Eds. Laurence Behrens and Leonard Rosen. New York Longman, 2003. 262-270.Parsons, Russ. A Shared Sadness. Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum. Eds. Laurence Behrens and Leonard Rosen. New York Longman, 2003. 249-253.

Magical Realism in House of the Spirits vs. Realism in Madame Bovary Es

Through the practise of Realism, Gustave Flaubert demonstrates Emmas detachment of the death of the characters in Madame Bovary, which contrasts to Isabel Allendes demonstration of Claras attachment to the death of the characters in The sign of the Spirits by utilizing Magical Realism. In The House of the Spirits, the characters all region a spiritual bond, which leads to senseal and spiritual connections for Clara during the death of the characters. On the contrary, in Madame Bovary, Emma Bovary depicts a realistic and natural character in society which portrays her selfishness, lose of emotions, and overall detachment towards the death of the others. Both of these connections are demonstrated by dint of Realism and Magical Realism.The author stylistically ascribes negative personality traits precedent to the death of a character. These negative characteristics portray the character as corrupt. In the text, Homais furiously mentions, YouJustin are on a downward path(Flaubert 231). The textual evidence indirectly describes the flaws of Emma. The excuse of Justin committing a crime and Emmas armorial bearing coincidentally in the text or purposely by Flaubert exemplifies reality. Furthermore, the finesse beggar mentions, Dream of savor and of love always, before the death of Emma (Flaubert 300). In the text, the blind beggar is singing a song, although the song implies traits of Emma. Emma always desires and dreams of love which provides the purpose for the song and demonstrates her not being satisfied with the love Charles provides for her. Additionally, Flaubert mentions, Charles was kill like a youth beneath the vague love influences that fill his aching heart, (321) which implies that he still loves Emma dearly. Th... ...onnected due to the fact that I slept seriously and dreamt again of Rosa (Allende 203). The diction of again in the text proves that idea of Rosa occurs multiple times and that her spirit is connected with him. Additionally, B arrabas reappears multiple times, for compositors case It was the last, ignominious vestige of faithful Barrabas (Allende 269). Although Barrabas died many centuries ago, he is encountered with Blanca and Alba. He displays the nearly spiritual reconnection with the characters through detail more than any of the other characters end-to-end the novel.Allendes House of the Spirits demonstrate emotional connections and remembrances amongst Clara and the characters through the application of Magical Realism which contrasts to Flauberts Madame Bovary which demonstrates Emmas characterization and lack of emotion towards the death of the characters.

Physics of Baseball :: physics sport sports baseball

Introduction Baseball is a more or less simple game, once you understand the simple mix of science touch on in baseball. Also, there is much more to the game of baseball than scarce hitting and pitching the ball. Here is a few bits of information rough a baseball that is hit 400 feet. 1. For each 1000 feet of aggrandizement you can add 7 Feet. 2. For each 10 degrees of air temp you can add 4 Feet. 3. For each 10 degrees of ball temp you can add 4 Feet. 4. For each 1 inch cast aside in Barometer you can add 6 Feet. 5. For each 1 miles per hour following wind you can add 3 Feet. 6. With the Ball at 100 % Humidity you can subtract 30 Feet. 7. When the ball is Pitched, for every 5 mph you can add 3.5 Feet. 8. For a ball withdraw along the foul line you can add 11 Feet. 9. When an atomic number 13 Bat is used you can add 30 Feet. A mate more bits of general information. 1. A curve ball that seems to break over 14 inches never actually deviates from a straight line by more than 3 inches 2. There is no such thing in baseball as a rising fastball 3. The collision of a ball on the bat lasts only about 1/thousandth of a second. 4. That a batted ball should be able to travel no farther than 545 Feet. The Path of a Baseball A baseball volition always follow a parabolic question when hit with the bat. This is chiefly due to the force of gravity acting on the baseball later on it is hit. A baseball like most other things follows the three laws of motion that were created by Sir Isaac Newton. The three laws of motion are 1. Law 1. An object continues in its initial state of rest or motion with uniform pep pill unless it is acted on by an unbalanced, or net external, force. 2. Law 2.

Modernism Essay -- Literature Literary Essays

Modernism An inclination to subjective distortion to plosive speech sound up the evanescence of the social world of the nineteenth century bourgeoisie.-Barth, Lit successionture of substitute (www.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0255.html) Modernism was rebellion against not only the repressive principles of the Victorian era but also the emergence of the fast-changing, materialistic corporate society. The period introductory modernness held up Victorian virtues, which accepted the worldview of e genuinelything being ordered, neat, stable, and meaningful. While fundamentally optimistic, Victorian culture featured hypercritical moralism as it had a very narrow, strict viewpoint. Modernism eschewed such an absolute, clear-cut apprehension of the world. The movement was render by the First World War and led by that lay waste to wars intellectual casualties, Gertrude Steins the Lost coevals whose loss o f faith in absolutes led them to search for new worship and ideals. Disillusionment, pessimism, and apathy towards society and the popular consensus colored the works of these artists, the literary leading of whom were T.S. Eliot, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Ezra Pound, and Gertrude Stein. literary modernism challenged the accepted norms of writing on some every front. It trod away from traditional narrative structure, clean resolutions, and bourgeois morality that marked the preceding literature. Writers tackled the ordinary notions about writing and communication itself, teasing the ability of language to convey meaning, and experimental writing that broke shoot from tradition marked the movements most famous and worthy works. Instead... ...ing his lifetime, both of these writers very much catered to the mass-market audience. The fame, wealth, and celebrity were issues with which these men struggled as their police van belonged to the modernist ideals of th e periods intellectuals while their reputation and success were out of synchronise with modernism. But ultimately, Hemingway and Fitzgerald occupy important spots in literary modernism as popular cultures symbols for their generation.Works CitedKnapp, James F., Literary Modernism and the Transformation of Work, (Northwestern University Press, Evanston, IL1989).www.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0255.htmlAdditional MaterialWillison, Ian, Gould, Warwick, Chernaik, Warren, ed., Modernist Writers and the Marketplace, (MacMillan Press, London1996).www.ils.unc.edu/%7Ekaisn/pathfind.htmlwww.class.uiadho.edu/eng258_1/modernists/homepageL.htm