Dependence of man on the environment

dependency of patch on the environment The environment main(prenominal)ly consists of the earth and its surroundings which acknowledge the atmosphere. The life of man here on earth completely depends on the natural environment for its existence. It is from the environment that man ultimately obtains food or cash. very seventy percent of the earths surface is c overed by body of pissing but due to mans activities both domestic and industrial, almost of this irrigate is polluted. Actually it is true that out of all this irrigates covering the earths surface only(prenominal) 0.02% of this water is fresh. So as to control the impacts of water contaminant which argon hazardous to both human and maritime life several earth environmental bodies have come up with lawfully regulated water feel laws based on its desired use. Changing the water outsets designated invention affects the al subalterned pollution levels in various ways. initial one has to reason most the diverge nce between water for human consumption and water meant for plain usage such as irrigation or industrial utilization. This various water uses go forth require variable water woodland standards. Water quality is observed by the water characteristics which may be biological, physical or even biological. Most a great deal at that place atomic number 18 set annexe of standards to assess the compliance of the water. The most employ standards to determine water quality relate to water used for domestic purposes such as imbibing and cooking, wellbeing of serviceman who get in touch with it and the safety of the marine life. A person contributes to water pollution when you flush a toilet, spud dirty water down the sink you are using water which has to be purified in a water treatment plant. Many countries do not have water treatment plants and me intrust pump the unexampled waste into the rivers or sea. Also agricultural runoff water which contains heights amounts of washed off pesticides and fertilizer enter the rivers and streams resulting to pollution and distressing the topical anaesthetic plant and marine wildlife. There are legion(predicate) benefits of the twist around instrument energy. First tether energy is clean and wind turbines generate electricity that does not release pollutants as compared to round other energy sources. This means less environmental pollution thus combating with incident of environmental hazards such as stifling rain and smog amongst others. Power plants contribute to air pollution by emitting a large amount of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides and sulphur dioxide resulting to ball-shaped warming- this hatful be avoided by utilizing wind energy. In addition wind energy is renewable and has the less competitive cost as compared to the other sources such as natural gas. Also wind is readily in stock(predicate) and it is in abundance thus it forget not result to enervation of natural resources in the initiatio n. Moreover wind energy plants have a short construction period, involve minimal maintenance and require low operating costs as compared to the traditional power sources. Lastly wind power plants are very reliable as they generate electricity all the time and are not affected by internationalistic conflicts making it defiant to supply troubles or price fluctuations (Global Wind report, 2008). In spite of this many pros about wind energy it also has got some(prenominal) cons. The main disadvantage of the wind energy is the winds unpredictability factor. This is caused by the occurrence of too low wind strengths which stubnot support the wind turbines. Also wind turbines generally produce less electricity thus requiring the construction of numerous turbines so as to generate an impact which pass offs to more(prenominal) initial superior cost. The wind turbines can be a source of noise pollution if they happen to be establish close to residential empyreans. Thus there you got f or yourself the pros and cons of wind energy and the extensive steadfastness of wind turbines ( divest energy ideas, 2008) REFERENCES Clean energy ideas, 2008 Energy articles- Solar, Wind and Geothermal, Retrieved May 25, 2010 From http//www.clean-energy-ideas.com/articles/Global Wind Report, 2008 capable from information interpretd by the American Wind Energy Association, Retrieved May 25, 2010 From http//www.nrgsystems.com/AboutWind/BenefitsofWindEnergy.aspxDependence Of Man On The surroundDependence Of Man On The EnvironmentAn ecologic footprint measures humanitys consumption of the natural resources. This technique is easeful because it shows how much of the natural resources human need for everyday life. However, the ecological footprint theory can be misleading as well. Ecological footprint does shake off renewable energy sources (sun, water) which reduce non-renewable sources (oil, coal). W. Cunningham and M. Cunningham (2008) add, These renewable sources increase the worlds carrying capacity for mess as well (p. 79).5. How efficacy growing nations lead to solutions to societys problems?The only reason how cosmos harvest can be beneficial to societys problems is by creation and innovation. In other words, more people can lead to additional manufactured goods that serve millions. more people boosts humanintelligence that will create new resources (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008 p. 77)8. In which part of the world are populations declining?The parts of the world that populations are declining are sexual union America, Western Europe, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008 p. 79)Discussion Questions 1 and 61. Suppose that you were transmit of a family readiness agency in India. How would you design a scientific study to determine the effectiveness of different approaches to population stabilization? How would you billhook for factors such as culture, religion, education, and economic science?If I were the head of a family planning agency in India, I would want to know what type of behave control method is better for stabilization the India population. I would interview my clients to see to it out family size preferences and choice of desired birth control. However, to curb a fast growing population, I would offer a special incentive, such as higher education and/or cash for couples to wait a certain amount of time to have children. Since family plays an important role in India, I would still offer family planning alternatives to assay to slow population growth. I believe this would be good start to stabilize population growth in India.6. In chapter 3, we discussed carrying capacities. What do you think the maximum and best carrying capacities for humans are? Why is this a more composite doubtfulness for humans than it might be for other species? Why is designing experiments in human demography difficult?I think this is a complex subject. Some people believe humans are consi derably over their carrying capacities, which is the cause of poverty. While others say, our environment has the potential to carry humans notwithstanding of limited resources. Has the world reached its carrying capacity? I believe since the human population has a tendency to grow in an exponential way, the advancement of todays engineering should increase our resources as well. Some believetechnology and enterprise can disperse the worlds carrying capacity that would allow us to overcome any problems we encounter (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008 p. 75).I also think this is a more complex question for humans than other species because humans have the advantage of reducing birth range through family planning.Since demography is the study of a populations size and growth, experimentation may be difficult because according to (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008) every day people continue to be born and die (p. 79). Furthermore, I believe the purpose of a intentional experiment is to rule out an estimation of human population. Unfortunately, due to some growing and shrinking populations, consistency will be impossible.Chapter 5 schoolbook Practice Quiz Questions 1, 9 and 161. Why did ecologists want to acquaint wolves to Yellowstone Park? What goals did they have, and have their goals been achieved?Ecologists wanted to reintroduce wolves to Yellowstone Park because of the rapid growth of the elk and deer populations. Since the elk and the deer inhabitants damaged the trees and shrubbery in the park, ecologists needful to minimize the elk and deer growing residents. Therefore, wolves became predators, which minimize the elk and deer population and the Yellowstone Park was restored. W. Cunningham and M. Cunningham (2008) adds, while wolves preyed on the elks, the wolves population grew, the elk figures change magnitude and the park was recovered (p. 95).9. Define biodiversity and give three types of biodiversity essential in preserving ecological system s and functions.Biodiversity is a diversity or assortment of organisms in a specific biological community. W. Cunningham and M. Cunningham (2008) state that the three types of biodiversity essential to preserve ecological systems and functions are genetic diversity (heritable measure of individual species), species diversity (description of various(a) organisms within an ecosystem), and ecological diversity (a variety of species in diverse environments) (p. 108).16. What is a flagship or umbrella species? Why are they often important, even though they are costly to maintain?A flagship or umbrella species is an sympathetic living thing used to protect its entire ecosystem. Even though it is costly to preserve flagship or umbrella species, a tiger for instance, will represent the entire feline environment. the protection of flagship or umbrella species would help more organisms in it ecosystem (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008 p. 121)Discussion Questions 1 and 51. Many light trop ical countries point out that a hectare of shrimp ponds can provide 1,000 times as much annual income as the same nation in an intact mangrove forest. Debate this point with a relay link or classmate. What are the arguments for and against saving mangroves?Mangroves advantageA sheltered home ground for aquatic organisms such as fish, crabs, and shrimps.Since these organisms feed on the mangroves roots for nutrients, from a human perspective, fish, crabs, and shrimp can also offer economic benefits, which would lead to high efficiency.Mangroves disadvantageVulnerable to marine pollution such as oil spills and sewer leaks.W. Cunningham and M. Cunningham (2008) confirm the pros and cons of mangroves, Both marine speciesand terrestrial speciesrely on mangroves for shelter and food however, mangroves are also poisoned by sewage and industrial waste near cities (p.105).5. Many ecologists and resource scientists work for political relation agencies to study resources and resource manag ement. Do these scientists serve the public best if they try to do pure science, or if they try to support the political positions of democratically elected representatives, who after all, represent the positions of their constituents?I think since science involves experimentation and detection, ecologists would benefit by supporting the political council. In other words, I believe ecological science is a political process because the ecologists interrogation focuses on societys concerns such as biodiversity extinction. Since there are some organisms in the biodiversity community that offer specific benefits such as medicines and food supplies, the political government would help the scientists serve the public by sustaining the biodiversity ecosystem.Chapter 6 textbook Practice Quiz Questions 2, 3 and 102. What do we mean by closed-canopy forest and old-growth forest?A closed-canopy forest is when tree crowns cover most of the ground.a old-growth forests are those that cover a la rge enough area and have been undistributed by human activities long enough that trees can live out a natural life (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008 p. 129)3. Which commodity is used most heavily in industrial economies steel, plastic, or wood? What peck of the worlds population depends on wood or charcoal as the main energy supply?Wood is a product used frequently in industrial economies. More than half of the people in the world depend on firewood or charcoal as their principal source of heating and cooking (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008 p. 129)10. What was the first national park in the world, and when was it established? How have the purposes of this park and others changed?According to W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008), The first national park in the world, Yellowstone National Park, was established in 1872. The Yellowstone National Park along will a few others were established to preserve natural scenery because of the disappearing of scenic beauty due to the land be ing sold to force and timber companies (p. 140).Discussion Questions 1 and 61. Paper and pulp are the fastest growing sector of the wood products market, as emerging economics of China and India catch up with the growing consumption rates of north-central America, Europe, and Japan. What should be done to reduce composing use?According to (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008), a couple of ways to reduce musical composition consumption is toRecycle paperInstead of printing copies, email the data (p.136)For instance, instead of paying bills by mail, register with e-statements and pay bills online. In additions, instead of buying newspapers and magazines from the store, sign up for online subscriptions.6. Why do you suppose dry tropical forest and tundra are well represented in protected areas, while grasslands and wetlands are protected relatively rarely? Consider social, cultural, geographic, and economic reasons in your answer.I believe dry tropical forest and tundra are well re presented in protected areas because of its vast diversity of organisms and valuable resources such as paper and lumber. Therefore, conservation would avoid logging and extinction. In contrast, I assume grasslands and wetlands are rarely sheltered because of lack of lumber. However, the particular biome offers income to humans, such as grazing. In this case, minimum protection is required. Basically, tropical forests and grasslands are utilized by humans- tropical forest areas (benefits from lumber for fuel and paper products)-grassland areas (benefits of large herds of grazing animals).