Marketing In business organizations

1) The buying decision process as a general concept and as applied to commercial / industrial buyers. In patronage organizations, the various participants who argon involved in the purchasing decision making process are initiators, users, influencers, deciders, approvers, buyers and gatekeepers. The gatekeepers are the important participants in the industrial buying process as they are the focal point for entry into the firm. They constitute the decisionmaking unit of a buying organization termed as the buying centre. The business buyers make the advantage of seeking the highest scotch, social, service and technical benefit with respect to a mart offers cost.The buying process begins with problem recognition- in this case the industrial buyer identifies the main need or problem which affects the firms business processes. The next step is Product specification The buyer identifies the crossroads general technical specifications by specifying the size, quality, quantity, design, features etc. Supplier Search After the specifications have been set upon, the buying centre tries to examine the appropriate providers for its supply of raw materials. Proposal Solicitation The proposals and quotations will be invited from various suppliers contacted and matchless, which satisfies the firms target with minimum cost and better economies of scale will be accepted.Supplier get hold ofion Based on veritable characteristics, the buyer will determine parameters to select the suppliers based on price, reputation, product reliability, and service reliability and supplier flexibility. Order Routine Specifications Here negotiation on the order takes place with the final supplier selected by the buying centre. Performance Review the suppliers will be periodically checked and evaluated on their performance in-order to identify the gap between the actual and the anticipate performance.2) Describe how the business environment is analysed, segmentation, targeting, posi tioning.The major environmental factors that influences and affects the buying behaviour as an industrial customer are environmental factors like the level of demand, the economic outlook, social responsibility acts, technological and political change Organizational factors speak on the objectives, strategies, policies, plans and systems etc Interpersonal factors highlight on the status, empathy, interests, power, authority etc Individual factors such as age, income, education, job designation, culture, social class etc. are the requirements to be looked uponThe overall commercialize dynamics can be studied by understanding the levels of market segmentation. Segment marketing, niche marketing, local marketing and individual marketing are some of the ways of micro marketing. Some of the variables for segmenting business markets are Demographics where-in the industry details, keep company size and the location have to be decided Operating variables which includes technology, user or nonuser status, customer capabilities in the buying process have to be worked upon purchasing approaches The way the customer approaches while buying the industrial goods, Situational factors- like size of the order, urgency and Personal characteristics buyer-seller similarity relationship, loyalty between the firm and the customers and attitude towards riskiness are chief parameters while segmenting.. These are the important bases for segmenting the market in case of industrial or business buyers.Selecting one or more of the market segments, which yields better returns at minimum cost and improved profits, is known as the process of targeting. The firm could use certain patterns for targeting such as atomic number 53-segment concentration, selective specialization, product specialization, market specialization and full market coverage.Positioning is what you do to the minds of the consumers. The various differentiating or positioning categories will be product, services, perso nnel, channel and image. Different positioning strategies select could be attribute positioning, benefit positioning, application, user, competitor positioning, price positioning and product-category positioning.3)Some of the patterns for market coverage are based on the segments overall attractive force and firms objectives and resources. In Single segment concentration the company selects just one single segment, which implies a product in a single market. In selective specialization the firm selects certain segments, which are supposed to be lucrative, and which are more attractive. Product specialization The firm focuses on a single product in all the available market to spread the business risk. Market specialization the firm constitutes on serving a certain focused market with the acceptability of various products. Full Market coverage The firm attempts to serve all the markets and all the products considering the whole market as one globe.References Advertising Managem ent, Edited by R. Batra, J. G. Myers, and D. A. Aaker. New Delhi Prentic, 1999. merchandise Management, Edited by P. Kotler. New Delhi Prentice, 2000.Marketing Management Planning, Implementation and Control, Edited by V. S. Ramaswamy and S. Namakumari. Delhi Macmillan, 2004.Retail Marketing Management, Edited by D. Gilbert. New Delhi Pearson, 2003.