History of Pakistan: "Great Leader"

He was admitted to the bar in 1896. He served briefly as a magistrate in Bombay and so practiced law, showing a remarkable gift for advocacy and rhetorical ability. He had his first important brush with regime in 1906 when he acted as private secretary to the goal chair of the Indian subject Congress. He joined the Muslim conference in 1913 to protest against the Hindu majority, and he became president of the company in 1916. He disagreed profoundly with the move of the Indian national Congress in 1920 as it launched a non-cooperation movement against the British g everyplacenment. He continued in public affairs into the 1940s, when he helped assure that partition would take place. He came to be cognise as Quaid-e-Azam, or "Great Leader," and his word was law in the Muslim League. He would be the first leader of Pakistan when it was created in 1947, and Jinnah completely dominated Pakistan and inspired it beyond his own death in Karachi in 1948. Jinnah's vision of independence came true and infused the impudent country with a strength that would enable it to survive and to fabricate a dedication to independent self-rule. However, this was non to be, in part because the country he created had internal rifts which led to the India-Pakistan War in 1971 and to further division:

Pakistan from the moment of its birth faced crisis after(prenominal) lifethreatening crisis, breaking in 1971 into cardinal countries, eastside Pakis

Up until December 1971, Pakistan was bifurcate into due east Pakistan and westside Pakistan, and these were separated by 1,600 kilometers of Indian territory. The quite a little of the two areas were further estranged from one another by differences in language and cultural traditions because the Bengali "monsoon Islam" of the West was outlander to the "desert Islam" of the West. The East Wing was notable for its ethnic Bengali homogeneity and its collective Bangla cultural and linguistic heritage. It contained over one-half the population of Pakistan and stood in sharp contrast to the ethnic and linguistic diversity found in the West Wing, where the population consisted of four-spot major ethnic convocations--Punjabis, Pakthuns, Sindhis, and Baloch.

A fifth important group consisted of the muhajirs, or the immigrants or descendants of immigrant who fled to Pakistan after the 1947 partition. In smart of the obvious differences amid the two halves of Pakistan, the political leadership, especially that in the West, declared that the islamic faith and a shared veneration of "Hindu India" constituted sufficient glue to hold the two Pakistans together as one nation. This prediction was not correct, and over time a culture of distrust developed between the two areas increased by imbalances in terms of copy in the government and the military. Bengali politicians also argued that the economic "underdevelopment" of East Pakistan came about because of the "internal colonialism" of the "rapacious capitalist class of West Pakistan" (Blood xxxii).

Ahmed, Akbar S. Jinnah, Pakistan, and Islamic Identity. New York: Routledge, 1997.

Pakistan undertook a nationwide experiment in democracy just before the beginning of the 1971 war, and this experiment was not respected within the area. West Pakistani officials were afraid of Bengali dominance in the political affairs of the nation, so the Pakistan People's fellowship leader from the West, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, supported by senior army officers (m
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