Rapid Population Growth in Indonesia

The results of these efforts are that Ind anesia, though place as a low income delivery, has a community tightness of almost 200 individuals per kilometer, and this seems typical of many South vitamin E Asian countries (World growing Report, 1992, 216).

General Effects of Rapid population Growth

As any country's economy improves, several patterns of human deportment are almost always encountered. Whatever reasons create an influx of capital, those individuals who reside in main population centers tend to pose a drop in infant mortality and an affix in life expectancy. Statistics show that in Indonesia the unprocessed deport rate in 1965 was 43 per 1,000, as opposed to the crude death rate of 20 per 1,000 in the same year. In 1990, as Indonesia's economy developed, these rates dropped to 26 crude births per 1,000, and to 9 crude deaths per 1,000. In the space of fifteen years, this shows an almost 2% drop in crude infant mortality (World Development Report, 1992, 270).

As more individuals survive the rigors of childhood, demographics begin to change. In Indonesia, in 1990, almost 36 percent of population was between 1 and 14. Over 60 percent of the population was between 15 and 64. This is a far cry from a strictly agrarian population base, where survival was based almost completely on agriculture. In today's economy, these figures must be interpreted as a need for urban jobs (World Development Report, 1992, 268). Juwono Sudarsono

As economies build in principal urban centers, in that location is an inevitable cart by those poor individuals stuck in the rural periphery of the economy. Whatever the fiscal or psychological reasoning, individuals and families often make the decision to leave rural lifestyles and head for the city in hopes of better paying jobs and better living conditions. The nurse of the city, and its mythic promise of better life is a commons theme throughout the world (Fukuyama, 1995, 156).

Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust. New York: The Free Press.

In Indonesia the percent of total population that resides in urban populations of one jillion or more has grown from 16 percent in 1965, to 31 percent in 1990 (World Development Report, 1992, 278).

The draw of urban locations is termed the principle of circular and cumulative causation (Brunn & Williams, 1983, 23). It is a problematic result of strong urban economic centers creating overpopulation.

, delegate governor of the National Defense Institute in Jakarta, says that of the 2.1 one thousand thousand people entering the job market each year, besides 300,000 find full time employment (McBeth, 1996, 22).

Overpopulation invites other dangers. Again, taking Indonesia as an example, the apparent uneven distribution of economic advances, by ethnic or religious group, by age, and by class structure can spark social unrest. Manpower curate Abdul Latief of the Suharto government reported on January 23, 1996 that 52.2 percent of Indonesia's population, or 7.33 million individuals are unemployed. These individuals also happen to be between the ages of 15 and 25 (Social dynamite, 1996, 20).

Scapegoating often occurs when economic times are tough. In urban centers, the scapegoats are often Indonesian Chinese, a pocketable minority of about 3 percent in a country of over 190 million people. To many poorer Indonesians, the enormously disproportionate grip of the ethnic Chinese on the economy has come to symbolize the growing gap between enough and poor (
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